Melilla's history dates back to the Phoenicians, who founded a settlement in the area in the 7th century BC. The city's strategic location at the crossroads of Europe and Africa led to its occupation by various civilizations throughout history, including the Romans, the Vandals, and the Byzantines. During the 16th century, Melilla became part of the Spanish empire and was fortified against attacks from the Berber tribes of the surrounding region. In the 19th century, the city's population grew with the arrival of Spanish settlers and Jewish immigrants from Morocco, who established a vibrant community in Melilla's old town. Melilla played a significant role during the Spanish Civil War and was heavily bombed by Franco's forces. In 1995, Melilla was granted the status of an autonomous city, with its own government and parliament. Melilla's cultural heritage is reflected in its architecture, which blends European and African influences, as well as in its museums, festivals, and cuisine. The city is known for its colorful street art, its lively markets, and its unique mix of Spanish, Moroccan, and Jewish cultures.